Sains Malaysiana 52(10)(2023): 2907-2918

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5210-13

Characterization, Antibacterial and Toxicity Evaluation of Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles utilizing Eleuthrine bulbosa Bulb Extract

(Pencirian, Penilaian Antibakteria dan Ketoksikan bagi Zarah Nano Zink Oksida Biosintesis menggunakan Ekstrak Bebawang Eleuthrine bulbosa)

NORAZALINA SAAD*, CHE AZURAHANIM CHE ABDULLAH, NURUL ATHIKAH ADILA ZAINAL & EMMELLIE LAURA ALBERT

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 2 Mei 2023/Diterima: 15 Oktober 2023

Abstract

In the current study, Eleuthrine bulbosa bulb extract was utilized to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in a simple, sustainable, and environmentally friendly manner. The bioactive compounds of E. bulbosa extract were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Following synthesis of the ZnO NPs via the green method with E. bulbosa bulb extract as the reducing and capping agent, ZnO NPs were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Photoluminescence (PL) further evaluated for antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of phytochemical compounds acting as reducing and capping agents. The UV-Vis spectra of ZnO nanoparticles containing E. bulbosaextract showed an optical energy bandgap between 3.12 and 3.89 eV. In addition, XRD showed that the crystalline size of ZnO NPs ranged from 21 to 68 nm with a wurtzite crystal structure. FTIR analysis showed that the plant extract contains identified functional groups including alcohols, phenols, alkene, and flavonoid compounds that influenced the mechanism of bonding with ZnO NPs. Particularly, the peaks of formation of Zn-O stretching vibrations at 470 to 480 cm^-1 were successfully shown. In addition, ZnO NPs displayed antibacterial activity, which was greatest against Staphylococcus aureus, and were cytotoxic to MCF-7 and MCF-10A breast cells with IC₅₀ values of 5.540 µg/mL and 15.77 µg/mL, respectively. ZnO NPs were successfully synthesized utilizing a green method, resulting in intriguing biocompatible potential candidates for use in both biomedical and environmental fields due to their eco-friendly synthesis and nontoxic.

Keywords: Eleuthrine bulbosa; Staphylococcus aureus; zinc oxide nanoparticles

Abstrak

Dalam kajian ini, ekstrak Eleuthrine bulbosa digunakan buat kali pertama untuk mensintesis nanozarah zink oksida (NPs ZnO) dengan cara yang mudah, mampan dan mesra alam. Sebatian bioaktif ekstrak E. bulbosa telah dikenal pasti oleh kromatografi gas-spektrometri jisim (GC-MS). Berikutan sintesis NP ZnO melalui kaedah pengekstrakan hijau E. bulbosa sebagai agen penurunan dan pengekapan, NP ZnO yang disintesis telah dicirikan menggunakan Pembelauan Sinar-X (XRD), Spektroskopi Inframerah Transformasi Fourier (FTIR), Spektroskopi Ultralembayung-Nampak (UV-Vis) dan Photoluminescence (PL) seterusnya dinilai untuk aktiviti antibakteria dan sitotoksik. Analisis GC-MS mendedahkan kehadiran sebatian fitokimia yang bertindak sebagai agen penurunan dan pengekapan. Spektrum UV-Vis nanozarah ZnO yang mengandungi ekstrak E. bulbosa mendedahkan jurang jalur tenaga optik antara 3.12 dan 3.89 eV. Di samping itu, XRD mendedahkan bahawa saiz kristal ZnO NPs antara 21 hingga 68 nm dengan struktur kristal wurtzite. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan bahawa ekstrak tumbuhan mengandungi kumpulan berfungsi termasuk kumpulan alkohol, fenol, alkena dan flavonoid yang dikenal pasti menyumbang kepada mekanisme ikatan dengan NP ZnO. Secara khususnya, puncak pembentukan getaran regangan Zn-O pada 470 hingga 480 cm^-1 berjaya dilihat. Di samping itu, NP ZnO menunjukkan aktiviti antibakteria, yang paling besar terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan sitotoksik kepada sel payudara MCF-7 dan MCF-10A dengan nilai IC₅₀ masing-masing 5.540 µg/mL dan 15.77 µg/mL. NP ZnO berjaya disintesis menggunakan kaedah hijau, menghasilkan nanozarah ZnO berpotensi sebagai bioserasi yang menarik untuk aplikasi bioperubatan dan alam sekitar kerana sintesis mesra alam dan tidak toksik.

Kata kunci: Eleuthrine bulbosa; nanozarah zink oksida; Staphylococcus aureus

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: norazalina@upm.edu.my